Google Essay

1.) An API user is given an account but is not able to view that account through the interface. The reason being: c. APIuserhasâ€Å"APIOnly†access 2.) API allows developers to use applications that: d. InteractdirectlywiththeAdWordsserver 3.) Bud would like to test new logic that uses API without modifying his live campaigns. Which tools would allow him to do this? b. AdWordsAPISandbox 4.) Which of the following allows advertisers to automate AdWords reporting and campaign management? a. UseofanAPIwebservice 5.) What is the benefit of the API? a. Advertisers can make dynamic changes to their AdWords accounts at scale. 6.) If someone wants to make frequent, specific changes to bids based on criteria for more than 100k keywords, what tool is most efficient? b. AdWordsAPI 7.) A user clicks on an ad for sneakers. He isn’t directed to a page with sneakers. He also receives : c. Linktoarelevantpageandremovethepop-up 8.) A good landing page for spring dresses would display? a. Severalcolorsofspringdresses 9.) A benefit of including a keyword within an ad text is that the keyword will: d. Itwillappearboldwithinthead 10.) To differentiate ads from competitors advertisers should: c. Includeprice,promotionsandacall-to-action 11.) How can advertisers determine the most profitable keywords within a company? b. Comparethecostincurredbyeachkeywordwiththeconversiondataforthatkeyword. 12.) You search keywords that should trigger your ad but your ad doesn’t appear. Why is this? a. Yourcampaigns are targeting a location outside where you are physically located. 13.) You want to increase the position of an ad but don’t want to raise the bid. How can you increase ad rank? c. Makechangestoimprovethequalityscoreofthead’skeywords. 14.) A high quality score can: b. Improveanad’sposition 15.) What is the most appropriate action to take if your keywords are below the â€Å"first page bid estimate?† a. Considerincreasingthebidoreditingthekeywordtoimprovequalityscore. 16.) You make edits to an ad and the position decreases. What was the cause? d. Theeditedversionislessrelevanttothekeywordswithintheadgroup. 17.) You have the same keyword in two different ad groups. The one to win within an auction will be the one with: b. Thebestqualityscore 18.) To improve the performance of an ad group on a search network, advertisers should create ad groups by creating: b. Keywordsthatarealsoincludedintheadtext 19.) In an AdWords account, which statistic is viewable for each ad group? c. Averagecostperclick 20.) Which of the following is the recommended action for new mobile ad campaigns? a. Useamobile-optimizedlandingpage 21.) An advertiser selling computer monitors is writing new ad text. Which line of ad text fits AdWords policy? d. 20-70%offLCDmonitors 22.) To achieve the best performance of text ads, which is a best practice? c. Includewordslikefindandsearchintheadtext 23.) What type of keywords tend to perform better with mobile ads? d. Shortgeneralkeywords 24.) A campaign that is targeting desktops is only performing well with text and image ads. The advertisers want to reach mobile devices. They should: b. Createaseparateadgroupformobileadswithintheexistingcampaign. 25.) If the query â€Å"Seattle Plumbers† is entered, Google will use the location term that is part of the query to show ads: a. TargetedtoSeattleregardlessoftheuser’sphysicallocation 26.) You are running a campaign that targets only France. However, you see clicks from users in Switzerland. Why might this happen? a. UsersinSwitzerlandaresearchingonGoogle’sFrenchdomain 27.) What is the quickest way to add a long list of locations to target in an AdWords campaign? d. Usethebulklinkinthecustomtaboflocationsettings 28.) Why would an advertiser use the bundles option when choosing location targeting? b. Toquicklyselectagroupofcountriesorterritoriestotarget 29.) Which tool allows you to test different combinations of website content for the purpose of improving conversion? c. Websiteoptimizer 30.) It is important to identify specific goals of an AdWords campaign so you can: c. Makestrategicchangestotheaccounttoimproveperformance 31.) A florist is advertising for five types of flowers, including red roses. When users type the phrase â€Å"red roses† Google shows the ad. What landing is more likely to result in a sale? a. Apageonthesitethatdisplaysonlyroses. 32.) Which of the following are key elements when optimizing a landing page for AdWords? b. Relevantandoriginalcontentthatclearlyrepresentsthebusiness. 33.) What report helps you identify which pages on your site should be optimized? d. Toplandingpages 34.) A user conducts a â€Å"laptop computers† search and clicks on an ad. Which landing page could be most relevant? d. Categorypagecontainingavarietyoflaptopcomputers. 35.) An advertiser can provide physical address location info about their business through Google places account. Ads that include this type of info are eligible to show on: a. Anynetworksselectedinthecampaign’ssettings 36.) Which feature distinguishes location extension from regional and customized campaign targeting? b. Customizedcampaigntargetingisrequiredinordertoenablelocationextensions. 37.) Business listings in Google places can be:

How do people feel about the changes that have taken place on Portobello road over the last few years?

The changes that have affected Portobello road in the last decade have a had a great impact on the local community along with the future proposals which have been outlined for the area by the council in order to improve the area. For the purpose of the investigation it is useful to understand how the local community view these changes and proposals, and to gain an insight into the conflict that is arousing from the proposed changes and developments. A secondary source presented as an article from the Notting Hill Action Group, which is an organisation campaign involved in fighting local issues. In this article local residents are protesting against the eviction orders that have been served on Elgin books, a bookstore which has been on the road for more than 20 years, one of the reasons for this protest is that the rent has increased so much the bookstore can no longer afford to pay substantial amounts of money on rent. The local residents are also furious about the fact that breaches against planning consent rules i. e. ‘the Fluid juice bar shop front being put up without planning', are allowed to go unchecked by the council, even though actions like these are ‘considered an offence to the streets character'. Although these protests are creating an unhappy atmosphere in and around Portobello road, it is useful to understand why the residents feel what they do, one of the reasons may be down to the fact that residents don't want to ruin Portobello's individual character. However this is very difficult to overcome the conflict between residents and planners because many ‘greedy people in the area are using Notting hill's celebrity as a way of forcing up rents and forcing out businesses, which have been in the area for more than 30 years. An article labelled ‘Planning rage' which is slightly different to the 1st 1 although still sharing the same subject matter of ‘planning orders'. In this article (which is written by NAG) the Unitary development Plan is being criticized by many residents along with the Notting Hill Action Group itself! This is extremely relevant to the investigation because the future proposals stated in question 4 are based on the Unitary Development Plan, therefore it is useful to understand how the residents view these changes. The article starts off with the fact that ‘ owners of small family-run businesses say that they will be squeezed out by the unitary development Plan which is proposing to open the floodgates to huge chain stores. ‘ And it also states that ‘the recent arrival of chain stores such as GAP and Starbucks has fuelled their fears. ‘ It is evident from these 2 lines, that the people of Portobello road ‘don't want the small businesses (which make the area so unique) be swallowed up by chain stores that will make the area look like any where else. Especially a resident in particular called Mr Walton who lives in Arundel Gdns, who says: â€Å"we are concerned that developments should not harm the character of the area. † The council have responded to this argument by saying: â€Å"we're trying to react to what people want, and to do it within the powers we are granted. † It obvious that this is a complicated issue, because there is a balanced argument between both the councillors and the residents, therefore it is difficult to determine who is right in what is being said. Another article displays a variety of articles, one of which is to do with the division between the rich and the poor on Portobello road. This article is stating that there is a ‘widening gap between the rich and the poor in the UK and this is marked in the Notting hill area, which has multi million pound house prices while Goldbourne ward (northern section) is in the fifth poorest ward in inner London. ‘ Therefore many of the residents of the Goldbourne ward have organised a pilgrimage, which is a powerful reminder to everyone to challenge the status quo, and to work energetically for a fairer, more balanced society. Many of the people who are involved in this protest are trying to convince the council to give in to their requirements by organising these sorts of campaigns. However it is not easy for the council to equalise the 2 parts of the road because the census data on page shows that there is a high unemployment and low home ownership rate which means that most of the population live in rented houses, therefore it would take the council a long time to match up to the employment and home ownership rates which are 3 times higher in the Pembridge ward. Although the newspaper article is outlining resident views, it is still a secondary resource and so its reliability could be questioned, we cannot be sure that there is a division between the rich and the poor in the 2 wards, as the article is written by a person who may well be biased. However the primary data in the form of a shopping, environmental and residential house surveys show that the Pembridge ward is far better off than the Goldbourne ward in terms of house prices and quality. Even though most people situated in Portobello road such as the residents in the 1st NAG article are criticising the future proposals that have been made by the council (stated in question 4) there are also others who are in favour of these improvements i. e traders. In the article named ‘Portobello 2000' Anne swift is an antiques dealer who talks about the future of Portobello road, and also mentions the importance of ‘Portobello having the opportunity to establish itself as the worlds leading centre for antiques and a leading market for general commodities. Anne sees the ‘over commercialisation' of Portobello road as a good thing as this would encourage trade from tourism, however the people in the ‘planning rage' article see this as gentrification steam roller, and as a threat to small businesses. Therefore this is causing a growing conflict between traders and residents. Anne swift suggest some of her own proposals which are in line with those stated in question 4, she believes that all traders have to offer high quality goods, by displaying better merchandise. She also states that improving the environment will create a more clean and spacious environment for everyone, especially tourists. Lastly she suggests the need for friendly and efficient service in order to satisfy customers. A questionnaire which was conducted on all parts of Portobello road in order to find out information about the residents and tourists who shop there. The results of the questionnaire were then converted in to a graph, which helped to analyse the relationships between the figures. From question 1 on the graph its evident that the majority of people questioned were residents (58%) and the remaining were either tourists or workers (42%). This proves that Portobello road attracts quite a lot of tourists and therefore has a large sphere of influence, as the figures are nearly similar to that of the residents. Out of the 58% of the residents questioned, 33% of them have lived in the area between 11-20 years, which showed that they knew the area well and were aware of the changes that have taken place over the last decade. Many of the residents questioned felt that the area had changed in terms of housing which is now of a better quality and residents, as new people are being attracted to the area everyday. 2% of the residents felt that the changes had made the area better, while 29% of the people felt that the changes were quite good for the area, however there were only 7% of residents who felt that the area had declined. This shows that Portobello road has made a great improvement since the last decade. The remaining results showed that 40%of the people questioned have visited Portobello road more than 10 times mostly for Antiques and general food shopping. Again, this shows that tourism is an important factor, which affects Portobello road everyday and has maximised its function.

American government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

American government - Essay Example However, the powers vested upon each of these branches are accordingly limited by checks and balances imposed by each of the three. In this light and upon the analysis of the limitations of power, it can be said that the most powerful amongst the three branches is the legislature and the weakest is the judiciary. This argument can be proven by explaining the tasks of the three branches and by elaborating the checks and balances which limit the powers of each. The executive branch is tasked with the proper and due execution of laws. The highest degree of power rests upon the president, his secretaries and other directors of other offices such as the Central Intelligence Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Peace Corps, and the U.S. Postal Service (Cengage). Checks and balances limit the amount of influence the administration Congressional intervention. The legislature has the power to override the presidential veto with two-thirds vote. Executive decisions are also depende nt on the approval of the Congress when it comes to treaties and appointments. To add to this, petitions for impeachment filed against officials from the executive branch are forwarded to the legislation for execution and trial (Cengage).

Analyzing and Comparing the Mise-en-scene of David O'Russel's Three Essay

Analyzing and Comparing the Mise-en-scene of David O'Russel's Three Kings to Steven Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan - Essay Example David O’Russell knew the power of setting a story during the time of war, thus he came up with the most finely tuned, eccentrically conventional film Three Kings. Both Saving Private Ryan and Three Kings have effectively shown war in a resolute way that serves similar aims but achieves this in different manners. O’Russell’s Three Kings clearly uses the narrative device of an ethical story to relate the Gulf War’s moral lessons as well as to rewrite America’s ethical position over the people of Iraq through revising what was viewed as a moral defeat. The film tells a narrative of a gang of four U.S fighters on operations at the Gulf at the end of the dispute as they find out a map to one of the secrete bunkers of Saddam Hussein, containing huge amounts of Kuwait gold, and plan to steal it for their own gains. On the other hand, Steven Spielberg has been criticized for failing to employ narrative action basing on the moral and national purpose in his film Saving Private Ryan. This criticism can be understood in the perspective of the constraints placed on modern cinematic stories of war by the Vietnam syndrome (Andersen 193). Even though Three Kings is developed around a definitely American-based fictional plot, this film typically aims to bring in issues concerning Iraq and addresses it to a certain extent as the film develops. On the other hand, Saving Private Ryan tries to reillusion American national distinctiveness in the wake of Vietnam by presenting a more distant past. The specific ethical justification for starting war and admitting its sacrifices and horrors is found in ethical campaigns against the Nazi plot of Holocaust. Through stitching the Holocaust into the movie, the film takes part in ‘Americanization’ of a memory of Holocaust, avoids Vietnam as a source of distressing memory, produces a redemptive national uniqueness, and constructs a moral usable past in the present. In both films, the use of ima gery has been clearly utilized. Saving Private Ryan starts and ends with a shot of a flag that is faded and desaturated of color. The red colors have turned to pink, white to gray, and the blue colors have lost their color completely. The flag is transparent, moving forth and back in the centre of a cool dusk as the sunlight penetrates straight through it. The reason behind this is that the flag symbolizes a lost time and a fading generation. The American elites who fought to keep such banners were gone and the film was developed for their sake. Such features show that Saving Private Ryan may be the greatest film ever produced about horror and heroism in war situations. It shows how heroic conduct can be unusually difficult, impulsive, lucky, instinctive, and deliberate, all at once. In contrast, Three Kings had mixed receptions on its release. In general, reviews involved praise for technical elements of the film as well as criticism of the way the Gulf War was presented. In the Wa shington Post, Stephen Hunter claimed the style of the film had the feeling second to none, as it re-imagines the past war movie post-modernly. He further concludes that the film was ideologically unremarkable. Similarly, Three Kings uses some sort of imagery in the storyline. At the start of the scene, a discussion goes on between Major Gates and his Staff Sergeant, standing near a helicopter. The image of a helicopter was used as an icon in this film, though not frequently used outside the scene (Andersen 194). At the beginning, when a shot cuts through, it is obvious that the positioning of the characters is to enable the blade to remain at the heart of the screen, right between the

Journal 6 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal 6 - Coursework Example Critical to note is the use of grammar. Every aspect of the written work has to ensure that the grammar is above board and can make sense in the context for which it is used. Punctuation marks form the biggest building block when writing in English. Virtually every sentence has to be effected with a punctuation mark. Some sentences would either have more meaning when punctuation is used. Consequently, a sentence that has no punctuations or is not well punctuated could lose meaning completely (Hopper et al., 56). English language is very dynamic and diverse with writing styles and formats being introduced every single day. One therefore needs to undertake in reading and learning the writing skills as appropriate. In this manner, one ids able to improve on the writing procedures and the critical issues that are basically involved in producing an English paper. Writing in English is not very difficult, but requires constant practice and reading many books with simple English. Through this, one is able to improve from time to time with respect of writing in proper English (Hopper et al.,

Satellite Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Satellite Communications - Essay Example This paper seeks to highlight the concept of multi-channel communications satellite systems, the concept of systems operation, the advantages and disadvantages of the system and how to improve performance and reliability of the system in the presence of man-made interference and atmospheric noise. Satellite communication, heavily relies on the use of a spacecraft in orbit around the Earth. The spacecraft is able to receive and re-transmit signals mainly radio signals. The use of satellite systems for communication, have over time undergone evolution. They have been in use for some time now and many changes have been made enabling higher performance of these satellites. Communications satellites are not only able to amplify and route signals but they are also able to sort these signals. Earlier on they used to function like the ground microwave repeaters but as mentioned earlier, these systems have undergone great evolution and now they are quite different from ground microwave repeaters. Whereas ground microwave repeaters relay radio signals between two fixed points, the satellite communication systems are able to interconnect a multiple of locations both fixed and mobile. This is the superiority of these systems over the ground microwave repeaters. As far as evolution of the se systems is concerned, the current functions of both switching and rerouting of signals with the switchboards being onboard and airborne. Communications Satellite Orbits The choice of orbit is very important to the performance of communications satellites. In fact, the height of the satellite which is in a circular orbit determines not only the time of orbit but also the coverage. For instance, a 35,860 km orbital satellite has a corresponding orbital period of about 23 hours 56 minutes and 4 seconds (roughly one day). The orbit of the satellite may coincide with the equatorial plane and this will therefore mean that the satellite will hover in one fixed point in relation to the rotating earth and as such it is said to be geostationary. A geostationary satellite has the capacity of supporting two fifths coverage of the earth's surface and this therefore implies that three geostationary satellites are able to support world coverage. Most of the satellites that support communications (fixed and mobile) are the satellites which are in geosynchronous equatorial orbit (Korhonen, 2003: pp1-7). The geostationary satellites have much capacity for coverage but are not able to cover the high latitude regions. These regions require that other types of satellites are used which are inclined at an angle with respect to the equatorial plane. For instance, the Russians launched a satellite with its orbit inclined at 63.50 in 1965. This satellite was meant for their domestic communications. The Molniya system is the type of this satellite system because it is found in the Molniya orbit and it was launched at 63.50 orbit inclination with respect the equatorial plane with the following specifications: Perigee - 500 km Apogee - 40,000 km Orbital period - 12 hours As far as the above inclination is concerned, there is no rotation of line of the aphides and as such there is reduced orbit correction sand manoeuvres (Takashi et al, 2003: pp168-172). The satellites need

Intermediate Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intermediate Macroeconomics - Essay Example It happens because of increase in import prices and fall in incentives to cut costs. Hence, a fixed exchange rate would benefit a nation to keep its inflation low and thereby promote its economic growth. As Frankel (1995, p. 40) points out, fixed exchange can be considered as an effective monetary policy for assuring price stability. Similarly, maintaining fixed exchange rate may be an effective strategy to prevent speculation in foreign currency transactions and thereby stabilise the economies. It must be noted that the exchange rate does not remain permanently frozen under the fixed exchange rate system. Rather the exchange rate is timely and appropriately resent so as to ensure fundamental equilibrium in the balance of payments. Disadvantages of fixed exchange rates Even though a fixed exchange rate may be beneficial to promote certainty of future exchange rates, this concept has many disadvantages. Primarily, a fixed exchange rate would cause conflict with other macroeconomic obj ectives. Setting fixed exchange rate may reduce financial transactions’ flexibility and hence an economy may face potential difficulties in responding to temporary shocks. Economists opine that fixed exchange rates may lead to current account imbalances. Proper setting of fixed exchange rate would be a difficult task for regulators because the exchange rate is most likely to impact the economic growth of a country. Varying exchange rates raises potential challenges to multinational corporations engaged in international trade. According to Jain and Ohri (n.d, p. 265), the fixed exchange rate system is to be supported with large international reserves and the author finds it as one of the principal demerits of this system. They continue that a... This essay approves that currency rate fluctuation is one of the threatening consequences of maintaining a floating exchange rate regime. Evidences suggest that frequent currency fluctuations in the global financial market may cause significant problems to firms engaged in international trade. To illustrate, when a British firm is exporting commodities to its US client, a sudden appreciation in sterling would probably make the British firm’s exports uncompetitive and hence the organisation may go out of the business. Similarly, unexpected and significant exchange rate fluctuations may sometimes force a multinational corporation to pay higher costs for its imports and this situation in turn would increase the firm’s vulnerability to bankruptcy. The most argued disadvantage of floating exchange rate is that it significantly weakens internal price discipline and allows greater level of inflation. This report makes a conclusion that from the above discussion, it is clear that either fixed exchange rate system or floating exchange rate system does not have any competitive edge over the other. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages. Hence, regulators must consider their growth priorities while choosing an exchange rate policy. For small nations and developing economies, fixed exchange rate system is more advisable as this policy would enhance their smooth economic development. On the contrary, a flexible exchange rate system may aid developed countries to promote their growth in international market.

Consumer attitudes towards supermarkets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Consumer attitudes towards supermarkets - Essay Example They buy goods in bulk and they also sell items in bulk, as a result they are in the long run, able to offer fresh produce and larger quantities at lower prices. However, the supermarket also creates an impersonal atmosphere, where consumers do not enjoy any close interaction with the people from whom they buy their goods and this could possibly contribute to a negative attitude towards supermarkets. When combined with other aspects developing in the retail sector, such as e-commerce, this provides an indication that factors such as the lack of time or the desire to avoid close personal contact may be affecting consumer attitudes and preference for supermarkets. It also appears likely that the greater range of products available under one roof and the lower prices may also be affecting consumer attitudes towards shopping at supermarkets. The objective of this research study is to examine the growing prevalence of supermarkets and to examine consumer attitudes towards them. At the outset, the attempt would be to determine whether consumers have a predominantly positive or negative attitude towards them and then determine the reasons for such an attitude. In order to gain an understanding of consumer attitudes towards supermarkets, the researcher will apply the Fishbein Model to measure the affective component of a consumer’s response to supermarkets. The research question which is proposed to be examined is therefore: The evolution of the super market was therefore the result of economic considerations shaped as a result of urban growth and technological innovations. The phenomenon of mass production that characterized the industrial era spilled over into mass marketing as well. Earlier, bartering, wholesale buying and serving customer needs was all carried out within the premises of the small store. (Mayo, 1993:43), but a broader range of products with enhanced shopping

Managerial Economics Week 8 Individual Work Assignment

Managerial Economics Week 8 Individual Work - Assignment Example Due to such limitations in cell phone technologies, the satellite phone was the best alternative to a wireless phone. Satellites could transmit better than the wireless phones. Therefore, investors opted to use satellite technology to enhance communication and develop the cell phone industry. Most of these investors used much money to develop and implement satellite phone systems. Motorola was one of the investors who in 1991 developed the Iridium. Many companies such as Lockheed and Sony invested in the new satellite technology. The Iridium was the first satellite phone to provide voice and data solutions to customers and users in many parts of the world. Despite the fact that the Iridium gave the best services, it was not accepted by many people. Users believed that Iridium’s costs were more than the services it offered. According to consumers at the time, using the Iridium was expensive. During the time, other existing phone companies such as AT&T were providing better mobile phone services. The weak consumer response of the Iridium resulted to bankruptcy of the firm and the entire project failed. Nokia is able to adapt to variations in market shifts. Initially, Nokia started as a lumber mill in 1865. However, with increasing growth and development the company diversified into electricity production and rubber products. Collapse of the Soviet Union and recession in Europe in the 1980s left Nokia in a huge crisis. In the 1990s, Nokia changed its trends to focus on cell phones. The company developed new companies in Germany and China. As Nokia was developing and expanding, the demand for cell phones was growing in the world and Nokia was one of the companies that felt the demand for cell phones. The company registered increased market value and profits reaching peak in 2000. Nokia executives predicted that producing cell phones that could only make calls would not be profitable for the company by 2000. One of Nokia’s strategies was to

College Education Essay Example for Free

College Education Essay What makes college education so important? College is not just a choice, its the beginning of a lifelong journey, one that will shape and determine future choices, decisions and purposes. College is going to help you determine a career that you want to pursue. It will help and guide you in the right direction but you have to be the one to put in the effort. But some may say college is a waste, and will not make their life any better. Some will ask what makes a good college, what do you look for and at. College is one of the most important aspects of succeeding in today’s world. College is much more than just a degree in college you also learn how to learn, perhaps one of the most important things you can get out of college. Once you understand how to gather information by reading books about a subject, determine what information is important and what is not, and how to put it all together, you can master any subject, often without even going to college. By the way, doing a few Google searches and gathering information off the web that may or may not be accurate is not doing research, though it is a useful way to get a quick explanation on what a subject is and is good to find out what material is good to read. According to Bridget who was the first of her sisters and brothers to graduate from The University of Toledo with a Masters in Accounting said college wasn’t a choice her parents said she had to go to college. Even though at the time she was attending college she didn’t think it was important and necessary, because back then it was easier to get a job without a college degree. But now she’s happy she went because now she has her dream job, and is making a lot of money. Now she has a life that she never knew would happen to her. She also has the skills she needs to help someone else reach their goals in life. When she first started college she didn’t know what she wanted to do and she didn’t take it seriously. She partied all the time, was late to all her classes and didn’t do most of her assignments, she barely managed to get all C’s in her classes. She didn’t really start to take college seriously until her third year in college. But once she started to pay attention more and was more focused, she knew she had to get her act together if she wanted to be something in life. And she also knew she went to the right college. What makes a great college and what are you looking for the college to have? Linda said she looked at their approach to teaching and their overall education experience. She also looked for the student-faculty ratio and average class size. (Is she going to get individualized attention in her classes or just be one in a crowd? Or do she want my professors to know her name? Are they accessible outside of class if she needed extra help on homework or projects. She also looked at their medical program. (What are their general ed requirements? Would she have to take classes in several disciplines? Is there a senior project requirement? Is there a first year seminar, academic boot camp class required for all freshmen? ). she also looked at how many credits needed and gpa she needed for her major, and also how many credits she needed to graduate. And how classes are structured (lecture, discussion-based, large lecture with small discussion groups, very hands-on, lots of group projects or papers.. etc). Do they have activities she like (including athletics that she might want to do)? Is the school diverse/ homogenous? How good is their financial aid and can she afford attending there? Are the dorms nice or shabby? Are you required to live in the dorms for 1-2 years or do most students commute from home? Do students get jobs right away after graduation? Does the school have a high dropout rate? Linda said those are some of the things she looked at when she made her choice to attend the University of Cincinnati. She glad she made her choice and would do it all over again. But some would think college is a waste of time. According to Mark he said the older I get, the less sure I am about this notion that a college education is essential for a good life. As far as important important for what? Making more money? Then I guess you could make the argument it is more important, however, some of the worlds richest and most successful men (Bill Gates, Larry Ellison, etc) drop out. Happiness? Actually the research shows that those who perform physical jobs, that typically dont require a college education, tend to be happier. Also, college will be no help for someone that is not prepared for it. Should a woefully underprepared student get accepted to a school. Take out several thousands in loans and somehow manage to just barely graduate, she/he would be much worse of than if she/he had never gone to college as they are not going to get a job ahead of the sea of infinitely more qualified applicants and have to resort to unskilled labor. Had said person gone to a trade school, would have been much better off. Despite these views on college education you are the one who has a choice to make. Do you want to go to college or do you think college is just not for you. That’s on you, you are the one who has to live with it no one else

Place Branding And Sustainable Development Marketing Essay

Place Branding And Sustainable Development Marketing Essay According to Tasci and Kozak, as an interdisciplinary area, tourism borrows and applies many aspects from other areas of inquiry; branding is one of them from the field of marketing (p.300). This chapter is to examine the discipline that encompasses literature on the place branding. It is comprised of two parts. The first part concerns with place branding and its branding initiatives, and the second part is regarding the brand image formation process of tourism destination that leads to sustainable growth of the tourism industry. This literature review is divided into several sections. It begins with a general discussion of place marketing, following on with a clear distinction regarding the term place brand and the term place branding from a marketing perspective. Moreover, place branding will be examined to illustrate the relationship of branding and in tourism literature, with various place branding context such as brand identity, brand image and brand equity. Marketing of a Place Marketing of a place is defined as a strategic planning procedures attempted by places brand developers with the objectives of satisfying the variety needs of target markets (Kotler et al, 1999). Market-a-place is able to give positive contribution to the economy of a country. However, there is a shifting from rather narrow view of economic development to broader set of strategies and plans since the past few decades (Govers Go, 2009). These strategies are aimed at attracting new businesses, strengthen traditional culture of a country, developed global trade, build tourism industry and target local and foreign investors from outside the country (Kotler et al, 2008). Furthermore, some places have transformed their informal economic campaigns into highly targeted, stylish marketing strategies aimed at building competitive markets within diverse consumer segments, targeting specific buyers, and positioning the communitys resources in order to respond to the specific buyers needs and wa nts (Maheshwari et al, 2011). Hence, many countries aim to promote economic growth by improving their physical infrastructure with high technology facilities, thereby upgrade the place image which in turn brings in more business opportunities and growth. Moreover, marketing a place is not considered to be more than just carrying out few promotional activities, but it involves specific planning initiatives that is designed to encourage the processes that would further increase a place identity and profile, therefore attractive more new inward investments, improving the infrastructure and strengthening the public and private sector services. As a result, developing an effective place marketing strategies is now considered to be the important focal point to local economic development plans (Walker, 2000). Place Brand Place brand is the peoples perception about a place, region or a country; and also the reputation of a place among those people that the place embraces (Anholt, 2005). Place brand is considered complex and multi-dimensional construct with constantly changing reputation as people will have different perceptions of a place; no matter from residents, investors or visitors. According to Anholt (2005), place brand is various individual perceptions and beliefs which coincide at some point but may have different point of view from others. Gold (2006) explain that place brand is residual perception left in the mind of recipient regarding a place after encountering its various facets either through their own experience, expose towards the media, through word-of-mouth or from purchasing of goods and services. Likewise, the worlds marketplace is currently going through the phase of globalisation. According to Kotler and Gerner (2004), place brand is considered an important requirement because of the advancement of technology, and increase mobility of people and resource in this 21st century. Moreover, the advance brand theories of city marketing, nation branding and destination marketing (Anholt, 2004) such as those applied specifically to countries, destinations, regions and cities have been developed to increase their respective images. Largely, this has been achieved by nurturing the tangible and intangible assets of a place, such as culture and heritage, aborigine architecture, local skills, prosperous communities and investments for good future growth. Place brand is thus a process that will facilitate the creation of the most realistic and most compelling strategic vision for a city, region or country (Placebrands, 2006). This is to ensure that a place can get appreciation that it deserves for its existent strengths and positive attributes and behaviours, and that the place brand gains appropriate brand equity from the recognition which those behaviours bring (Keller, 2008). Also, place brand provides a far broader spectrum of research areas if compared to those associated purely with conventional brand management, and brand strategy. It has attracted interest from the areas of sociology, history, national identity, geography and politics. Nevertheless, place brand still remains as an area that is still predominantly practitioner-led and where academic research-led knowledge has been slow to accumulate, although greater interest from academics is now beginning to develop. Place Branding The concept of place branding is consisting of many parts and elements, which requires an in-depth analysis of the literature. As such, to define the term place is essential for this research. According to Buhalis (2000), place is considered as an amalgams of tourism products, which can offer an integrated experience to the people (p.97). As a result, a place is something of like products and experiences that are available rather than geographical scale and cultural diversity. So a place can be comprised of a wide variety of diverse attributes which it can be called as a city, a country or a continent. Hu and Ritchie (1993) explained that a tourism place is a package of tourism facilities and services in which like any other consumers product or service, is composed of a number of multidimensional attributes that together determine its attractiveness to a particular individual in a given choice of situation (p.26). Indeed, a tourism place is much subjected to different individual per ceptions and thus there is a need for differentiation and competitiveness transpires. As a result, the ability to attract the tourists attention to a particular place and to spark their curiosity can be achieved by the means of place branding. Meanwhile, Hankinson (2004) defined branding in the context of a place brand as the built environment in which the various services forming part of the core brand take place (p.117). Another author Fan (2006) argued that nation branding is concern with applying branding and marketing communications techniques in order to promote a nations image (p.6). Further explanation from this author is that place branding is to promote the country or city as a destination for tourism (Fan, 2006, p.7). As a matter of fact, wide definitions have been suggested for place branding due to lack of agreement among academics (Pike, 2008). Regardless of the wide array of place branding definitions within the academic literature, place branding can best describe in this research as : (a) the set of marketing activities that support the creation of name, logo or other graphic that can identify and differentiate a place; (b) a brand that can give a memorable travelling experience that is associated with that place; (c) activities that can serve to create a branding image that positively influences consumer choice of destination (Blain et al, 2005). To differentiate a place from the rest of the competitors is a key function of a place branding. The ability to capture the attention of potential tourist to a place and to foster an emotional connection between the individual and destination is essential element of brand effectiveness (Morgan Pritchard, 2004). According to Nickerson and Moisey (1999), showing the feelings and emotions in place marketing campaigns will capture the attention of consumers, but not all will have the same feeling and perceptions. Rather than capture the feeling of consumer through photo, it would be more effective to provide visual image with feature such as mountain or sea that will allow the consumer to have the sense of relaxation, physical challenge or spirituality. To enhance successful connection between customer emotion and that particular place, a place brand must be deliverable, differentiating, conveying powerful ideas and must be enthusing for stakeholders, especially the consumer. As a resul t, if a place has the capable to market itself through positive image building, it will help to differentiate itself among other places that offering the same characteristics (Cai, 2002). Further explanation from Moilanen and Rainisto (2009) is that strong national brand must not only attract business and investments, it must also help to promote the goals of the tourism industry that will strengthen the national identity. Moilanen and Rainisto (2009) identified that brand development process takes a long period of time with time span of five to ten years, due to the numerous steps involved in the process; this include: (a) start-up and organise, (b) research stage, (c) forming brand identity, (d) making execution and enforcement plan, and (e) implementation and follow up. One of the critical elements of place brand is positioning. Positioning is establishing an image for a product or service in relation to others in the marketplace (Hudson, 2005, p.54). To attain competitive advantage in the marketplace, three steps under positioning are needed to be followed: product differentiation, prioritising and selecting the competitive advantage, and communication and delivering the position. Moreover, Pike (2008) noted the three core positioning elements for a place, including the place name, the symbol and the positioning slogan (p.299). These are important as they represent something good about a place and that help to differentiate the product from the competitors. Yet, brand logo is important as it is the visual representation of a product, service, company or a place that is being advertised. Logo should be able to achieve product identification and differentiation, as well as to raise consumer awareness and enhance recognition (Blain et al, 2005; Hender son et al, 2003). In relation to introducing a place to consumers, the logo should attract and stimulate the interest of consumer and influence destination of choice (Blain et al, 2005). Place Brand Identity According to Cai (2002), brand identity is often regarded as a missing link between branding and image building, meaning that image building does not consider the identity. In fact, Olins (2002) argued that despite of changing country names and political contexts, for example, nations have always been engaged in building their identities. Morgan et al (2002) claimed that brand thus represents the identity of a place and is likely to be relevant across markets being the core of the proposition of a country. Hankinson (2004) explained that the destination brand core, which represents an identity of a place, include a statement of brand personality, positioning and brand reality. According to Morgan et al (2002), sometimes brand identity and brand personality is termed as the same. However, Ekinci and Hosany (2006) claimed that brand personality is dealing with human traits and thus is different from identity. Research on tourism has traditionally drawn from economic and cultural geography. Approaches inspired by cultural geography view identity as an essence of nationhood or community (Palmer, 1999; Ballesteros Ramirez, 2007). Sometimes, marketing and culturally inspired approaches to identity may seem contradictory, because some perspectives see branding as a sense of place, detracting from a countrys essence and superficially commodifying nationhood. However, both of these approaches seem to view identity as a reality of a destination or restricted as an expression of a brand personality (Cornelissen Harris, 2001). Drawing from identity discussions in marketing and organisational literature, the attempts to a more holistic aspect towards destination identity have occurred. According to Berry (2000), brand identity is not only customers dominant perceptions of the brand, but also constructed in an ongoing relationship with the brand, and adding meaning or value to the consumer. Tourists and also residents defined meanings of places by being at places, by consuming and by interacting with others at the place and thereby forming a social communication system (Snepenger et al, 2004). Williams et al (2006) explained that brand identity is determined by the visitors values and how well they align with the experiences that they have encountered. This view emphasises visitors perspective as the source of place brand identity. To conclude, these approaches seem to view a place identity being not something that a destination has but something that will engage in social interaction. In the corporate identity studies, the focus has expanded to employees and other stakeholders besides the customers (He Balmer, 2007). Leitch and Richardson (2003) claimed that the understanding of stakeholders towards the organisation identity is continuously evolving in an unpredictable process and thus corporate brand is considered to be the outcome of an interactive process with stakeholders. Stakeholders may not only involving customers or visitors but also local people, associations, politicians etc. Hence, place identity is identified as originating in the interaction by all components, characteristics and stakeholders of a place. Moreover, in the branding context, place identity and brand identity are in identical context, as customer-centric view sees the place brand identity as a perceptual entity in the customers mind, and the destination-centric view defines brand identity in terms of how the brand owners want the brand to be seen (Kavaratzis Ashworth, 2006). Place Brand Image How people perceive a country or a specific region is developed based on individual basis. As such, how perceived images can be created will solely depends on personal beliefs and demographic factors. According to Pike (2008), the research area related to place image has been studied in the literature of tourism in more than 30 years. Richardson and Crompton (1988) claimed that place image is dictated through income and is reflected towards the attributes of vacation. Kozak (2002) noted a variety of factors that may have influence on choice of destination in terms of place image income, age, personality, distance, risk and motivation. Further research is that people perception towards place image will be influence by information source from various media outlets. From the advertising perspective, the challenge would be to capture images that most likely enhancing an image of that particular destination, motivation towards purchase decision and induce visitation (Butler Bennett, 200 8). Anholt (2004) explained that in order to develop an individuals perception of a place will be depending upon six areas, based on National Brand Hexagon: tourism, exports, governance, investment and immigration, culture heritage, and people. Therefore, how a tourist perceives a place is not only influenced by information sources, but will also influenced by the policies and national identity of that country. There are broad ranges of meanings for the term image and the concepts of place image have been introduced within the academic literature (Cai, 2002; Gali Donaire, 2005; Goodall, 1992). The American Marketing Association (2009) defined brand image as how a brand is perceived in the mind of a consumer, and it is what consumers think, feel and expect about a product. Consequentially, emotional connection in between people and the projected product image is interrelated that will influence their buying behaviour. With regards to image of a place rather than a tangible product, the term place image is defined by Buhalis (2000) as what a traveller expect and perceive towards a destination or a place. Cai (2002) noted that place image are subjective introspections that are held in the mind of the visitor and that illustrate the complexity of a place brand which requires the need to market specific attributes in order to reduce further ambiguity by tourists. To go to a larger extent, the i mage formation process can be further influence by a promoted place personality. According to Ekinci and Hosany (2006), a place personality is the set of human characteristics in accordance to a place as perceived by tourist rather than from a local resident viewpoint. It is important to identify the personality traits of visitor as there are possible emotional connection between tourist and a particular place. It can be argued that there is a possibility that the place image can be perceived differently based on the type of traveller involved in. For example, a perception of a place by business tourists may have different perceptions by adventure tourists towards a particular place. Added by Bigne et al (2001) is that image will influence a tourist in the process of choosing a stay, the subsequent evaluation of that stay and his or her future intentions of whether he or she will come back to the place again. As a result, place image has a significant function as a place can influen ce the tourist prior to travel, throughout travel by means of their behaviour, and upon return after their travel experience. Regardless of the place brand being marketed, a place image is often changed by personal stereotypes, past experiences or word-of-mouth. Therefore, even though different types of tourist might view a place differently, it is still an integral part for a place to have the initiative to market the place effectively; as this will minimise unsecure feeling among the potential tourists and enhance the identity of that place. Place Brand Equity In the economic context, brand equity is a term defined as the brand value as determined by the consumers, usually in a measurement of performance (Aaker Biel, 1993; Pike, 2008). Brand equity is usually comprised of five assets name awareness, perceived quality, brand associations, brand loyalty and other proprietary brand assets (Asker Biel, 1993). How successful a product or service will be looking at brand equity, as it is considered the last stage in branding process; whereby consumers will be loyal to that particular product or service in long-term period of time. However, for place branding, especially in the tourism context, the measurement of product brand equity as mentioned earlier is ineffective due to the intangibility of the brand itself; as a result, consumer-based brand equity (CBBE) was introduced. CBBE is termed as the differential effect of brand knowledge on consumer response to the marketing of the brand, and is made up of two underlying attributes brand aware ness and brand image (Keller, 1993, p.8). However, Pike (2008) suggested another four attributes for CBBE: brand awareness, brand associations, brand resonance and brand loyalty. It can be explained that brand equity is depending on how consumers are aware of the brand itself (brand awareness), as what the previous researchers have agreed upon. Essentially, increased brand awareness and having positive image will lead to increase consumers choice and lastly to increase tourist arrivals due to effective marketing of the brand (Keller, 1993). More likely, tourist will revisit the place again in the future and spread good things about the place. Added by this researcher is that there are two different approaches to measuring CBBE, namely the indirect and direct approach. The indirect approach attempts to assess potential source of CBBE through brand knowledge measurement, while the direct approach attempts to measure CBBE more directly by assessing the brand knowledge of consumer throu gh responses of different elements of marketing program. Hence, consumers ability to be able to recognise with a place brand and make associations is a determinant of how effective is the marketing campaign. Aaker (1991) explained that there are 11 types of brand associations: product attributes, intangibles, customer benefits, price, application, customer, celebrity, lifestyle/personality, product class, competitors and country/geographical area (p.114). These associations can help the consumer to relate the brand to specific attributes, therefore increasing brand awareness and to recall the brand information. As a result, the greater the ability consumer can make these associations, the greater likelihood that success can be placed on the marketing initiatives. Place Branding and Sustainable Development Campbell (1996) claimed that sustainable development is comprises of elusive elements that represent three areas: development, property and resource conflicts of conventional planning strategy, around which are the key planning goals such as economic growth, social harmony, employment and financial relief and environmental protection. As such, sustainable development involves reformation and restricting of local economic and political policies to regeneration and planning activities all with the aim to have success growth in the future. Meanwhile, to achieve ongoing local development from a places perspective is to consider hosting large events (Andranovich et al, 2001) such as Olympic through the mega-event strategy, like South Korea (1988), Australia (2000) or China (2008). Studies on places that had hosted or were about to host these games had provide to provide some direct benefits such as infrastructure development, improved economical and political support. This can show that such mega-events can have positive impacts on brand image and the ability to increase future economic growth of a place that leads to sustainable development of the place. Nevertheless, there are few uncertainties associated with place branding campaigns (might be due to limited funding and tangible resources) which seek to have low raising awareness and limits the differentiation of place branding process to the mere propagation of logos and symbols (Hankinson, 2001). Added by him is that places that have successful attracting appropriate resources have however, successful in developing positive brand images; for instance, resources such as heritage and history and attractive place-specific facets. Generally, the development of positive brand images such as these has led to the successful transformation of several post-industrial cities, such as Seoul, Beijing, Bangkok into vibrant leisure and business tourism destinations which reflect sustainable development and continuous growth aspects (Ward, 1998). As such, there is very little evidence that place branding are essential drivers of sustainable development of a place. However, according to Pedersen (2004), there were few publications suggested there is a link between successful place branding and sustainability. For example, in a survey in 2002 commissioned by the Malaysian Tourism Promotion Board, Singapore was seen, by a broad selection of selection of travellers and tourist agents from USA, Japan, India, Germany, Australia, UK and Sweden as clean, modern and safe. Chinas dominant image and attraction was culture. Whereas Thailand had a brand image of exotic, fun and friendly people. Tourism as an Economic Development Tourism has contributed to the economic growth of a country, and is considered the most profit-making industry. Yet, the tourism market has the ability to transform an emerging place both positively and negatively. Tourism industry itself has variety of sub-sectors that can cater to different tourists demands. According to Hudson (2005), tourism is a powerful economic force that is able to provide employment, foreign exchange, income and tax revenue (p.4). This identifies that tourism development is a powerful tool for change and cause for rapid global transformation. The interest gained within the academia concerning tourism marketing and place branding is a preview of the importance of place differentiation. Clancy (1999) explained that when developing countries tend to promote tourism, they put into account by greater integration into worlds economy, leading to direct economic and political effects on the region. With that, the contribution of tourism to the worlds economy will en courage place marketing organisations to become more innovation in their advertisement in order to attract more tourist arrivals. As a result, the importance of place branding and marketing campaigns are vital in this growing global competition. Moreover, the needs of a community are reflected in marketing policies which contributes to the economic development. To achieve this, creative strategies need to be memorable in the market the area and to encourage travel so as to gain economic benefits of tourism, for example, a study of competitive advantage of Oresund region using place branding as tool (Pederson, 2004), and the case of New Zealands tourism development (Ryan Zahra, 2004). As a result, sustainable development is still considered vital in increasing the number of tourists into a country, modernising the infrastructure and encourage more inward investments. Sarawak Tourism Industry Sarawak is situated in the Borneo Island and is part of the state of Malaysia. It is considered the largest state in Malaysia, and is considered an adventure land covered with a dense rainforest, and jungle-clad hills. Sarawak is a destination that usually provides unique products and experiences to visitors who come to Sarawak. According to Sarawak Tourism Board (2011), Sarawak is the place for history, mystery, romance and exotic adventures. Sarawak tourism started from the cultural tradition and heritage from different ethnic groups in Sarawak which successfully attract visitors to come. This ancient rainforest land is a home to 27 ethnic groups, whereby these people have their own language, lifestyle and culture. Apart from that, Sarawaks treasure of natural wonders is best appreciated in its many protected national parks and ancient rainforests like alluring caves and exotic wildlife. Its protected national parks are sanctuary to rare flora and fauna, such as Orang-utans, probos cis monkey, mouse deer, and a variety of birds, with the famous protected wildlife like the hornbills (SEDC, 2010). One of the states most alluring attractions is the Mulu National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site featuring razor-sharp limestone pinnacles (UNESCO, 2012). According to the deputy minister of tourism, Datuk Dr. James Dawos Mamit, he said that there is still a need to come up with effective strategies to promote Sarawak. He encouraged those tourism players to be more active and work together so that Sarawak tourism can be successful in the South East Asia region. Besides that, due to lack of promotion in Sarawak tourism industry, the ministry has set up facilities like websites and fairs in order to promote tourism related products and packages. He also mentioned that industry players should make more effort on their part, citing the embarrassing brochures provide by some tour agencies because he observed that they are not giving good information towards specific destination (Bernama, 2011). In 2009, Minister of Urban Development and Tourism, Datuk Michael Manyi set the Sarawak tourism industry a target of 5 million visitors by 2011 (Press Collections, 2009). In association with the announcement of this target, the Sarawak Tourism Board initiated a Discover Sarawak campaign, with the aim to promote Sarawak to the rest of the world. Only 3.8 million outbound and inbound visitors came to Sarawak in 2011. Nevertheless, 3.3 million visitors had visited Sarawak in 2010 (Ministry of Tourism and Heritage Sarawak, 2011). This can be shown that the number of visitors has maintained at about 3 million visitors. Despite the increased marketing effort to attract a greater number of visitors and higher levels of visitor spend, a recent report (Borneo Talk, 2011) has found out that there is still a dominance of day visitors from the immediate surrounding area with low levels of associated visitor spend. Moreover, there is a perceived belief by local tourism industry that Sarawak suffe rs from lack of identity and low awareness by potential visitors, especially when compared with other similar but seemingly higher profile destinations, such as Sabah state. As such, Sarawak is frequently omitted from Malaysia travel features in the national press, despite the fact that Sarawak tourism players having embarked on a proactive public relations programme which included hosting a number of visits for travel writers. Although these visits have directly resulted in some positive press coverage in the media, Sarawak still appears to maintain a low profile. Added on is the statement made by the Malaysian Tourism Ministry where efforts had been made over the years to get more flights from international routes to Sarawak but with little progress (Borneo Post, 2012). This has shown that Sarawak has least number of international flights if compared to other states of Malaysia. This can be problematic in such a highly competitive market, as well as economic uncertainty. The question for Sarawak tourism government is why some countries which has the same characteristics as Sarawak are able to attract more visitors than others? There must be few lessons that Sarawak can opt to gain from these countries. It can be said that Sarawak has not focused on active marketing of its tourism industry. Despite the governments interest in making Sarawak as a famous travel and tourism industry among the foreigners, marketing of the industry has not gone beyond the concept of branding. Conclusion Throughout the academic literature within both tourism and marketing disciplines, insight into the different aspects of place branding has confirmed its complexity. While place branding has been researched for decades, place branding initiatives towards sustainable tourism development have not been extensively researched. Nickerson and Mosey (1999) claimed that there is a lack of practical application and field research concerning place branding and the travel decision process of tourists. Also, Boo et al (2009) identified there is also the lack of research of place brand measurement as evaluated by tourists which confirms the complexity of this issue of place branding. Generally, there is a call for further research combining place branding and sustainable development of tourism destination for travel and choices of place. An enhanced understanding of the correlation of these issues will aid in recommending effective place branding strategies in order to ensure tourists satisfaction . The places ability to effectively market itself will require in-depth analysis of image perception and therefore further research will help to conceptualise this multidimensional issue. This paper has combined both tourism and marketing disciplines and had set out to further enhance comprehension of what tourists seek in a place brand.

Sula: Character Analysis Of Nel Essay example -- essays research paper

The novel Sula, is a work which contrasts the lives of its two main characters Nel and Sula. They appear, on the surface, to be the epidemy of binary opposites but this is in actuality their underlying bond. The differences in their personalities complement one another in a way that forges an almost unbreakable alliance. Sula is compulsive and uncontrollable while her counterpart, Nel, is sensible and principled. To prove Nel human by subscribing to the theory that a human is one who possess both good and bad traits, one must only look at how she interacts with Sula, here both negative and positive traits are evident.Nel’s "good" traits obviously come to the forefront when looking at her character. One might say this is a result of how she was raised and that she was simply a pr...

Two Key Scenes Between Eddie and Marco in A View from the Bridge Essay

Two Key Scenes Between Eddie and Marco in A View from the Bridge Examine the dramatic effectiveness of two key scenes between Eddie and Marco. In the play, the lead character, Eddie Carbone is an â€Å"A View from the Bridge†: Examine the dramatic effectiveness of two key scenes between Eddie and Marco. â€Å"In the play, the lead character, Eddie Carbone is an Italian longshoreman working on the New York docks. When his wife’s cousins, Marco and Rodolfo, seek refuge as illegal immigrants from Sicily, Eddie agrees to shelter them. Trouble begins when his wife’s niece, Catherine, is attracted to the glamorous younger brother, Rodolfo. Eddie’s baffled jealousy culminates in an unforgivable crime against his family and the Sicilian community.† The playwright, Arthur Miller, writes about an era and district with which he is very familiar. The two scenes that I have chosen to analyse for dramatic effectiveness between Eddie and Marco are: o The last scene of Act 1, where Eddie attempts to teach Rodolfo to box and is challenged by Marco to lift the chair. o The last scene where Eddie refuses to leave the apartment pending Marco’s arrival. In the last scene of Act 1 dramatic effectiveness is displayed in a very strong and powerful way. The effect of this scene is very dramatic on the audience because before this particular scene takes place, Eddie’s anger and jealousy has been building up. The audience is keen to see how Eddie is going to react to the closeness of Catherine and Rodolfo. When Eddie went to see Alfieri, prior to the final scene of Act 1 he explained how he felt about Catherine seeing Rodolfo. Eddie made it very clear that he thinks Rodolfo â€Å"ain’t right.† When Alfieri makes it clear t... ...o the Immigration Bureau. This is a hint as to what Eddie may do later on in the play. The story of Vinny Bolzano is a precursor of what is to become Eddie’s fate. This also prepares the audience for the fact that Eddie may do something that is â€Å"unforgivable for people of Red Hook.† Although Vinny was obeying the law what he done was seen as unjust and wrong by the Red Hook as they have their own law. In conclusion I feel that both the last scene of Act 1 and the last scene of the play have a very dramatic effect on the audience. The last scene of Act 1 shows the audience the build up of tension and suspense between Eddie and Marco and the last scene of the play brings the suspense to a tragic end. Both scenes have a dramatic effect on the audience because they both contain the most exciting and predominant elements of the play – tension and suspense.

Mothers and the Chinese Spirit in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club Essay

Mothers and the Chinese Spirit in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club   Ã‚   The Joy Luck Club is the telling of a tale of struggle by four mothers and their four daughters trying to understand the issue of gender identity, how they each discover or lose their sense of self and what they mean to one another. Throughout the book each of the mothers works hard at teaching their daughters the virtues of Chinese wisdom while allowing the opportunities of American life. They try passing on a piece of themselves despite the great barriers that are built between the women. Each of the stories gives a wonderful glimpse into the Chinese culture and heritage that the mothers are trying to reveal to their daughters through the use of festivals, food dishes, marriage ceremonies, and the raising of children, essentially their past experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Living with their traditional Chinese culture in American society, these eight Chinese-American women suffer the problems of cultural conflicts in compliance with their gender. Asian women were looked at as being "positive, subservient, compliant, quiet, delicate, exotic, romantic and easy to please" (Mulan). They are nicknamed "China dolls" or " lotus blossoms", which are sexually loaded stereotypes of Asian women. These stereotypes discriminate against women by degrading their worth as people. By men taking advantage of their obedience and submissiveness they are showing that these women are not valued and that they have no voice. Judith Butler responds to these roles by saying, "Gender is an act, a performance, a set of manipulated codes and costumes rather than a core aspect of essential identity". By the middle of this century, Chinese women had been playing this manipulative, subservient role for m... ...look like our mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise to see, at last, her long-cherished wish" (Tan 332). Each mother achieved her desire of implanting her Chinese spirit and wish into each American daughter. Works Cited Butler, Judith. http://www.colorado.edu. Do, Thuan Thi. Chinese-American Women in American Culture. 1992 http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/chinese.html. Hooks, Amy. How to Be a Girl: Problems with Feminism in "Rules of the Game" and Mulan. http://www.unc.edu/~dcderosa/STUDENTPAPERS/childrenbattles/chinaamy.html. Hsiao, Rita, et al. Screenwriters. Mulan. Director Barry Cook and Tony Bancroft. Disney 1998. http://www.unc.edu/~dcderosa/STUDENTPAPERS/childrenbattles/chinaamy.html. Scarcella, R. United States. 1990. http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/Chinesewomen.html. Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Research about smoking habit Essay

Smoking is associaated with an increased overall mortality. It was recognized early in the area of indutrilized cigaratte production and mass use. Smokers will often says that they are not addicted to cigarrate. They thinl of smoking habit , which they can control and contai and would be able to stop at any time. The definition of smoking is the way , the act of smoking tobacco or other subtances. According to history of smokers , tobacco or scientifically call necotine is a herbal plant .The herbal plant is about 1.8 meters high . it has big leaf about 30 centimeters . The reason why , smoking is addictive becouse of it contain nicotine , a subtances that given to monkeys ,rats, dogs will precipitate chemical dependency . Cigarrattes firsts produced by Julep Cigarattes , and marketed by the Julep Cigarattes Company of Boston and Hahira about 1935 , then later by Pen Tobacco Company and finally atound !958 By Brown and Williamson . A commercial cigarattes manufacturing plant was built in Harira, Georgia in 1962 . When the factory first opened , it manufactured ‘’ Osteen ‘’ cigarattes until the depression hit in 1929. After the few years , the factory closed and all cigarattes making equipment was removed . Smoking accounts for one out of every five death in Malaysia . It is the most important modifiable cause of premature death , responsible annually for an estimated 120 000 years of potential life lost. About 10 000 Malaysians die each year becouse of smoking ( Tobacca 2003 ). According to the World Health Organization ( WHO ) , there are about4.9 millions tobacco related deaths each year . This fegure makes tobacco use the leading cause of preentable death in the world . From 4.9 millions tobacco relateds death , 1.1 millions accur in the south east asia region , which is the largest producer of tobacco and tobacco products . The biggest increase in desease are in India . In the western Pacific Region, 62 percent of men and six percent of women smoking , leaving hte majority of non smokers exposed to second hand smoke ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ) . The biggest Increse in tobacco related disease are expected in China , where an estimated two to three millions death will accur by 2020 ( WHO/WPRO , 2004 ). The Easten Madeteranian Region ( EMRO ) is not far from the current trends in China . Egypt has a rise in all tobacco related cancer including lung cancer which contributes over 90 percent of all death . Cigarretes smoking is a risk factor for stroke death . It is well known that cegirattes smoking is associated with an incresed risk of cardiovascular disease . manyepidemiological studies in Western populitions have identified smoking as an independent risk factor for stroke and this association has olso been found . However , epidemiological data regarding the relationship between smoking and stroke in Japanese people living in Japan remain inconclusive . In contrast , however , tobacco consumption in recent years been rising in developing contries including Malaysia . The prevalance of smoking among Malaysians adult aged 15 years and above had increased from 21 percent in 1985 to 31 percent in 2000 .Some 49 percent are all adult males and 5 percent of all adult females are now current smokers . 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT People are becoming much more sensetive to the smoking issues . In Malaysia , these are about 5 million smokers consuming an average of 14 cigarattes per day ( tobacco 2003 ) . Unfortunately , the number of hte smokers is too large. It will triple the next three decades from 10 000 million in 1998 to 30 000 millions by the year 2030. As long as smoking is seriously dificult habit to beak , very few smokers are able to succeed in their attemts to quit . Various contries have proven that healthcare proffesionals can play an active role in helping smokers to break free of their tobacco addiction through a properly arganized smoking cessation proframs. Otherwise , smoking also will affects the non smokers person who bestfirend with them . The porpose of this study is to understand smoking habit of UNISEL ( University Selangor ) . This study will help the decision maker to make  decision about smoking arounf the campus . the goeverment is undertaking serious ( anti-smoking campaign ) arounf Malaysia but the result is discouraging . This shows not everybody is concerned about their healthy lifestyle . The statistics revealed that about eight percent of the estimated 4.6 millions smokers in Malaysia were students . It is about 50 to 60 teenagers started smoking a day . According to article Jasudason 2005 , the goverment had allocated RM20 millions a year for the next year for the next ten years for the anti smoking campaigns to prove its commitment the curbs the smoking habits among Malaysians . 1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This research is all about why the cigarette smoking is popular among the teenagers. The reseacher is aware that smoking is a major preventable cause of premature death . It does not only threaten young people’s currrent and future health but olso over the world a face the same problem nothing can change their perception . The objective of the research are :- 1. To find out why students involved in smoking at young age. 2. To understand what student think of smoking. 3. To know percentage of student who are involved in cigarattes smoking. 1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY An important reason for carry out this study is to provide an understanding on the impact of smoking . The significance of this research is to show how, why student are involved in smoking . This study will provide usefull information for policy makers of the university for taking steps to reduce incidents of smoing in campus. This olso will by understanding the habits , more effective anti smoking campaign should be planned and launched effectively . Besides , this analysis will provide usefull information that will help to overcome smoking habits in UNISEL student 1.5 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This study limited to the survey of students in the Diploma Business Management under Faculty Of Business in UNISEL only . This is because of financial limitation and time contraints. 1.6 THE TIMESCLASE OF THE RESEARCH Date Details 30/10/14 Literature Review Community surveys of the areas Design the questionnaires- Collection of official and unofficial statistic 1/11/14 1st session participant observation of the area 2/11/14 Field work Interview the smokers 10/11/14 Field work 2st session participant observation of the area 7/11/14 Analysis of the data obtained from the field work 8/11/14 Write the thesis 1.7 RESEARCH QUESTION 1. What is the percentage of student In Diploma Business Management in UNISEL Shah Alam who smoker? The percentage of students who smokers is %. 2. What is the ratio of smoker between male and female student? The ratio of the smoker between male and female students is and out of respondents. 3. What is the average number and cigarette that student smoke? According to table 1.1 shows the average number of student smoker per day is between 5 – 15 sticks item How many cigarettes do you smoke per day Total Less than 5 sticks 5 – 10 sticks 10 – 15 sticks 15 – 20 sticks More than 20 sticks Are you smoker yes count % of Total 100 % 4. The amount of money spends on smoking every month. The amount of money they have spend on smoking cigarettes every month is RM for each person. Referring to the spending money of the week, the respondents usually spend about less than RM . 5. Of those smoke, what is the percentage of student who tried to stop  smoking? The percentage of students who tried to stop smoking is about % of them. CHAPTER 2  LITERATURE REVIEW The process of developing the competencies began with a literature review of other smoking cessation workforce competencies. The review question was What documents are available that will help in the development of the core competencies required for people providing evidence-based treatment of tobacco dependence in New Zealand? The international cessation competencies accepted by the Association for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence (ATTUD) 9 in April 2005 were used as the starting point, with more recent and more specific literature then investigated to ensure competencies were measurable and relevant to New Zealand. A variety of databases were searched for this review, using the following search terms: â€Å"smoking cessation†, â€Å"workforce competency†, â€Å"clinical competence†, â€Å"professional competence†, â€Å"competency- based education†, and â€Å"competency†. The databases included: Medline, Embase, Cinahl, AMED, Psy cINFO, PubMed, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews – Database of Abstracts for Reviews of Effectiveness, EBM Reviews – ASP Journal Club, EBM Reviews – Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. A variety of other sources were searched for information, including the reference lists of all obtained articles, key websites, and by asking key informants for relevant documents. All studies that focussed on smoking cessation competencies were sought, irrespective of study design, type of participants, sample size, or outcome measures. Only English language publications were sought. The search was restricted to literature published from 2005 onwards, that is, after the international cessation competencies developed by ATTUD were approved. The final literature search was completed on 7 March 2007. A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Competency development—A project team from the University of Auckland’s School of Population Health developed a draft set of smoking cessation competencies based on information obtained from: The 2007 New Zealand Smoking Cessation Guidelines;10 Consultation with an expert group comprising 14 people from throughout New  Zealand selected for their expertise in cessation service provision and/or training. Page 49 URL: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/121-1276/3114/ CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH OF METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The research employs quantitative research methods in conducting the study. In data collection , formal questionaires are prepared and the question are asked in a arranged order. 3.2 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT The research intrument of this study is questionares . the survey instruments measures the level of impact in smoking habit whether is good for health or not good for health for the young age . 3.3 DATA COLLECTION The research used thesurvey instruments to collect data research data . The research focuses on the opinion , when , why , how they involved in smoking cigarrates . The data collection selected randomly in Faculty of Business of Diploma Business Management . This information will be gathered in the following ways. Interview: Semi-structured interview technique Existing framework from previous research Gather detailed general information including: age & gender Taken before observations. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS 4.1 INTRODUCTION After all data have been gathered and collected , it must be analyzed. This  process is called data analysis. As mentioned , 120 questionaires will be sent to respondent consist of 55 males and 65 females . 4.2 FREQUENCY ANALYSIS The analysis is based on the questionaires analysis is given to the respondents . The information in this part is divided in three parts as part A , Part B , part C 1. PART A : THE RESPONDENTS According to the study , there are eight question on students background 2. PART B : ABOUT HTE SMOKER This section shows the analysis of smoker who is involved in the cigarrates smoking and how much they spend in buying the cigarrates per week . 3. PART C : NON SMOKERS This section is mainly for the non smokers olso for a smoker who has stopped smoking and how they are motivated to keep away from smoking.

The Odyssey as a Classic

Classic literature often provides insight to an ancient society, their values, and their beliefs. Many books that are considered classics today focus on ancient Rome and Greece. Revenge, hubris, and other themes, and the relation of this book to modern life, classifies the poem The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Fitzgerald, as a classic. For this reason, it is still read today. Classic themes of The Odyssey are a reason that it is a timeless tale. The concept of revenge is often shown throughout Odysseus’ journey. The reason Odysseus kills the suitors is to avenge their plunder of his abode. Odysseus kills Antinoos first since he was the leader of the suitors. Not only do mortals believe in revenge, the gods do too. They encourage Odysseus to take revenge, and Zeus even sends a thunderbolt down to signal the right time for Odysseus to strike. Another theme in the Odyssey is hubris. In most classic, the hero or protagonist demonstrates this quality. This was followed up on in The Odyssey, where Odysseus was the character who demonstrated hubris the most. After he blinded Polyphemos and successfully escaped, he screamed out his name to the monster, who did not know his real identity previous to this. This was a mistake caused by his excessive pride, because he wanted the Cyclops to know that he, Odysseus, was powerful enough to blind the son of Poseidon. Polyphemos then prayed to his father that Odysseus would have a long and difficult journey, which of course Poseidon honored. Lastly, the use of the loom in The Odyssey helps to make the poem a timeless classic. The loom is used multiple times by women throughout the story. It often demonstrates hearth and home. Penelope uses it to trick the suitors. She says that she must complete the shroud of Laertes before she chooses a new suitor. This makes the suitors respect Penelope since it displayed her kindness and honor. In reality, Penelope was really avoiding marriage by unweaving the shroud every night. Kirke also used the loom to lure Odysseus’ crew into her house and make it appeal to them. This constant use of the loom is a motif. The use of motifs makes a piece of literature a classic because they create a sense of continuity and security, and they get the reader to react. The themes of revenge and hubris, and the use of motifs allow The Odyssey to be a timeless classic. The relation of The Odyssey to modern life accounts for its continued appeal. The story of Odysseus’ journey can in many ways relate to the typical life of humans today. The story is life, but mythologized. For example, missing a loved one is something that often occurs today. In The Odyssey, Odysseus’ mother dies because she misses her son too much. Her story is told while Odysseus sees her in Hades. Second, individuals intervene in the matters of others. Other people provide their input of a problem today, while in the epic poem it was the gods. This intervening of the gods was a large part of the story. For example, if it wasn’t for Athena â€Å"erasing† the memories of the suitor’s deaths to their families, then the families would have attempted to assassinate Telemakhos and his father. Also, Odysseus’ journey would have been incredibly shorter if it weren’t for Poseidon intervening after Polyphemos prayed to him to make Odysseus’ journey longer. One of The Odyssey’s universal qualities is the relation of it to life today. Themes such as revenge, hubris, motifs, and reader-to-text connections are examples of universal qualities included in the poem The Odyssey by Homer, translated by Fitzgerald. These qualities classify this poem as a classic. 3000 years after it was published, it is still thriving. One of the oldest works of literature is still considered a timeless piece of literature today.

Anglo Saxon Poetry Of Beowulf English Literature Essay

BeowulfA is the most of import verse form in Old English and it is the first major verse form in a European slang linguistic communication, †¦ remarkable for its sustained magnificence of tone and for the glare of its manner, as has been remarked by Margaret Drabble. Beowulf has been categorized as a â€Å" Primary Epic † by C.S.Lewis. In wide footings, a primary heroic poem is drawn from the unwritten narrative stating tradition as opposed to what Lewis termed as a â€Å" Secondary Epic † which is a planned literary creative activity. A Handbook to Literature defines the undermentioned demands for a literary piece to be classified as an heroic poem: On the footing of these standards, which shall be examined in the undermentioned paragraphs, Beowulf can safely be characterised into the heroic poem genre. The hero of Beowulf is â€Å" a figure of heroic stature † . Beowulf ‘s physical stature mirrors his qualities and when we foremost see Beowulf as he arrives from his fatherland Geatland at Scyldings in the land of the Danes, attending is drawn to his stature by the Scylding guard who exclaims that he has ne'er seen a â€Å" a mightier baronial, / a larger adult male † ( 247-48 ) Beowulf is a hero of heroic strength with the strength â€Å" clasp † of 30 work forces, who kills nine sea monsters on a swim. Subsequently he establishes his strength by killing Grendel and his female parent. Though immature at the beginning of the verse form, Beowulf has all the devisings of a good leader. He reveals his line of descent to the reader when he mentions his male parent to the guard who is funny about him ( 251 ) . Beowulf besides reveals his male parents name and the name of his male monarch, Hygelac. On his meeting with King Hrothgar ( 418 ff. ) , we realise that non merely is Beowulf brave and brave but he besides is loyal and has come to refund the generousness and kindness of King Hrothgar to his male parent Ecgtheow. He besides divulges that he has cleansed his fatherland of its enemies and has killed a folk of giants. Thereafter he shows his strength when he kills the sea monsters while viing with Breca. Beowulf ‘s handling of Unferth ( 529 ) is a farther testimony to the wisdom of the immature hero. By his handling of Unferth, and the maner in which he reminds the assemblage of the certificates of Unferth and how he killed his ain brothers, Beowulf asserts himself even before he confronts Grendel. In the conflict with Grendel, Beowulf displays his accomplishments as an intelligent warrior as he allows Grendel to devour a Geat, while he lies still accessing his enemy. As a con sequence of analyzing his enemy he manages to rend Grendel ‘s right claw off from his shoulder socket. He farther strengthens his repute as a worthy and courageous warrior in the mode in which he deals with Grendel ‘s female parent. He besides shows himself as a loyal friend when Hygelac is killed in a conflict, since he does non claim the throne for himself but supports his boy. Merely when Hygelac ‘s boy is killed in a fued does Beowulf go up to the throne. The conflict with the firedrake in his old age once more proves his strength and him as a good warrior though a few critics found him reckless for non worrying about who would go up him to the throne. Beowulf besides makes the usage of the tools of heroic poems such as asides, addresss, and expeditions. There is besides a mirroring of the unwritten tradition of narrative stating in the text, as we see the â€Å" scop † who chants the occurrences of The Finnsburh Episode ( 1063-1159 ) . The asides though they appear cumbersome were feats of good known heroes and popular narratives. For case the blood-feud history of Finn and the Danes reverberations Cain and Abel in its misrepresentation, craftiness, treachery and disloyalty. The slaying of Finn to revenge the decease of Hnaf brings on the onslaught of the monster Grendel, who is eventually slayed by Beowulf. The narrative of this narrative non merely celebrates his triumph but besides highlights the triumph of good over immorality. Unlike the classical heroic poem, Beowulf does non get down â€Å" media RESs † and has no supplication to the Muse, but it is an heroic poem however, given the character of the hero, the events of great magnitude and besides the poetic composing. The verse form employs the usage of initial rhymes, which carry more significance than a rime. A important portion of the verse form does use the usage of rime as good. But over all it is evident from the scrutiny of the verse form that it was compose for unwritten narrative as opposed to a literary piece. Beowulf is a glorious merger of many subjects, viz. the subjects of Christian and Pagan rites, of light and darkness which mirror good and evil, of Men and Monsters, of Treasures, of the importance of Genealogy, of community, of Wyrd and of good Kingship which runs analogue in the narrative. In the book English Epic and Heroic Poetry, the writer W. Macneile Dixon, stresses that Beowulf is was perchance non â€Å" crude poesy † ( Pg. 14 )[ 5 ]when it was composed. Though the linguistic communication of the verse form appears to be simple, the poets have drawn on both the Pagan and Christian elements. Therefore Fitela, Scyld Scefing and Sigmund from heathen mythology are offered as defenders of demeanor and the monster Grendel ‘s household line belongs to the family tree of Cain ( 107 and 1258-67 ) . Again we see a strong heathen influence as the Anglo-Saxon construct of Wryd is a subject by itself in the text. Beowulf calls upon Wyrd when he battles the first sea monster of the nine that he killed, when he competed with Breca. Subsequently he attributes his endurance to the Christian God. ( 569-574 ) . He besides refers to Wyrd at his concluding reference. Hrothgar besides thanks God when Beowulf defeats the monster Grendel. Through the text Hrothgar ‘s advocate and warnings to Beowulf reflect the Christian dogmas of generousness and the pattern of gold giving followed at that clip. Three of the awful seven deathly wickednesss are besides mentioned as a warning to Beowulf. ( 1724-78 ) When Beowulf is deceasing ; Wiglaf tries to resuscitate him utilizing a ritual with H2O which calls to mind the Baptism. Beowulf is really heathen in the mode in which he chooses to contend the firedrake entirely, and it is in maintaining with the codification of behavior of the warrior. His subsequent funeral, with a adult female and 12 considerations mourning him name to mind, Christ ‘s adherents and Mary Magdalen forenoon Christ. Good and immorality is a nother subject running through the text and it is farther emphasised as we view the struggle of visible radiation and darkness, and heaven and snake pit. The text begins with a apposition of the light universe of the human warriors and their gay mead-hall with the dark universe of Grendel ‘s prevaricator ( 417-426 ) . The universes invariably clash as Grendel ‘s haterate and slaughter of the Danes brings Beowulf to him who is non afraid to face the darkness. ( 480-488 ) . Hrothgar ‘s soldiers though brave do non last boulder clay dawn. Where Grendel symbolises darkness, his female parent symbolises snake pit and somberness that is dark at its darkest. Continuing with the subject of dark and light is the subject of adult male and monster. While we are cognizant the Grendel is a monster ( 101-108 ) , we are besides reminded that possibly Beowulf is besides non wholly human, since he kills nine sea monsters, and about has the power equivalent to Grendel particularly s ince his feats of conveying the monsters to an terminal could easy be lines used for Grendel. ( 551-558 ) the subject of good triumphing over immorality besides runs through the heroic poem as even though Grendel is strong with crisp claws he is defeated non by the blade but by the bare custodies of the heroic Beowulf. ( 987-990 ) Again we are reminded of Beowulf ‘s strength which is more than human as he is contending Grendel ‘s female parent, and he is protected by his extraordinary armor which is adorned with two rings demoing the friendly relationship of the Geates and the Danes and their support of Beowulf. The heroic poem is rich in item since it has a hero who harmonizing to Hegel[ 6 ]the hero Beowulf is waited on manus and pes, and has to fight for basic endurance, and the necessities of life such as â€Å" Equus caballuss and arms and nutrient † . The subject of hoarded wealth therefore besides highlights the implicit in economic sciences of a feudal society while heightening the heroic poem. Harmonizing to W.P.Ker, in his book Epic and Romance, he mentions that Beowulf was likely written by two Scribes and has a construction with a â€Å" prologue at the beginning and a judgement pronounced on the life of the hero at the terminal † ( Pg.158 ) BeowulfA has an omniscient ( â€Å" omniscient † ) storyteller. The narrative voice remarks on the character ‘s actions, and knows and is able to describe on what they think. The storyteller is cognizant of things- for illustration, the expletive on the firedrake ‘s hoarded wealth ( lines 3066-75 ) -that are non known to the heroic poem ‘s characters. Beowulf portions this all-knowing narrative with other heroic poems, such as theA Iliad, A theOdyssey, A and theA Aeneid, A but remains subtly different. The storyteller ofA BeowulfA makes an expressed connexion with the audience, admiting a shared background of cultural cognition, in the gap lines of the verse form: A † WeA have heard of the thriving of the throne of Denmark † ( accent added ) . The storyteller ‘s voice is besides closely connected with those of the characters. Both use narrations in the same manner, to indicate a moral or to project†¦ ..

Definition of Terms

Definition of Terms Academic Performance- it is how the students cooperate/ perform in the school. – It measures students learning (grades etc. ) – Determines how the students are doing in their studies and classes. Aggressiveness – effect of too much use of computer that may blur a child ability to distinguish real life from simulation. Computer- necessary for the development of the digital proficiency required of today’s citizen. – It serves as the sources of information and a system that support teaching. – Plays an important role in recreation or entertainment.Computer Skills- being knowledgeable about the computer and its application. – Ability to manipulate computers. Conceptual knowledge- includes the inner workings of a computer or general computer terminology. Internet- provides plenty of information that serves as a tool for a better performance in school. Depression- a mental state in which students are sad and feel that he/ she cannot enjoy anything because of the unpleasant or difficult situation. Grades – one of the factors that determine the level and quality of students’ academic performance.Operational knowledge- refers to the necessary skills a user may acquires by means of training and practice in order to be able to operate specific systems to complete specific tasks. Punishment – used in eliminating or reducing incorrect actions followed by clarifying desired actions. Self-Efficacy – related to the self evaluation of the abilities for doing some specific tasks. Stimuli – a thing that may motivate the students to become computer literate and study more in school. Violent behavior – effect of too much exposure to computer wherein the students play games instead of studying.